Most vape devices rely on lithium-ion batteries to function. When these batteries are poorly manufactured, overcharged, damaged, or paired with incompatible chargers, they may overheat or short-circuit. This can lead to fires or sudden explosions, sometimes causing the device to fragment and release hot debris. Such incidents may occur during charging, while stored in a pocket, or even during active use. In many cases, users receive little warning before a malfunction occurs.